Children’s good health is fundamental to their overall development, and ensuring kids are born healthy is the first step toward improving their life chances. Exposure to violence, family stress, inadequate housing, lack of preventive health care, poor nutrition, poverty and substance abuse undermine children’s health. Poor health in childhood affects other critical aspects of children’s lives, such as school readiness and attendance, and can have lasting consequences on their future health and well-being.
Learn more in the 2025 KIDS COUNT Data Book.
Low birth weight is a leading cause of infant death in the United States. Babies with a low birth weight (less than 5.5 pounds) also have a higher probability of experiencing developmental problems and short- and long-term disabilities. Many factors can raise the likelihood of having a low birth-weight baby, such as infections, multiple births, obesity, poor nutrition, poverty, smoking, stress, violence, unhealthy environments and inadequate prenatal care. The share of U.S. infants with a low birth weight has steadily worsened for more than 30 years, and this rate remains higher than most other peer nations.
Children with health insurance are more likely to have a regular source of health care they can access for preventive services, developmental screenings and treatment for physical or mental health needs. Children without coverage are less likely than insured children to receive care when they need it. Having health insurance can protect families from financial crisis if a child experiences a serious or chronic illness and can help kids remain active, healthy and in school, ready to learn. However, not all insurance is adequate — families need comprehensive, affordable coverage and the ability to access high-quality care.
The rate of child and teen deaths (per 100,000, ages 1 to 19) reflects a broad array of factors: physical and mental health; access to health care, support services and economic resources; public policies; community conditions; use of safety practices; and, especially for younger children, the level of adult supervision. Accidents, primarily involving motor vehicles, were the leading cause of death for children ages 1 to 14 in 2023, accounting for 29% of all deaths among this group. As children move further into their teenage years, the risk of mortality rises and the leading causes shift. That same year, accidents, homicides and suicides accounted for 76% of deaths for teens ages 15 to 19, with firearm-related deaths the number one cause among older teens.
Being overweight or obese during childhood can have harmful effects on overall health and well-being in the short term as well as lasting impacts in adulthood. Persons with a Body Mass Index between the 85th and 95th percentiles according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts, are overweight, while those at or above the 95th percentile are categorized as obese. Children who struggle with their weight are at higher risk for a range of health problems, including asthma, heart disease, diabetes and cancer. They are also more likely to experience social and emotional difficulties, such as stigmatization and low self-esteem.
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