Resolution, Reinvestment, and Realignment

The reform strategies documented in this report may be received differently by small and large communities. Large cities often favor such reforms because they have the resources to operate their own, independent juvenile justice systems, complete with secure placement options. Smaller towns and rural areas, on the other hand, may not have the resources to provide appropriate interventions for every type of youthful offender. They need support from the state.

State and local governments in the United States draw upon an array of sanctions, services, and supports for youthful offenders. Of all possible choices, the most consequential and expensive is secure confinement.

Placing young offenders in secure facilities is an effective means of controlling their behavior for a short time, but its long-term impact is uncertain and research suggests that the unintended consequences may outweigh the benefits.